All About Radicals in the Japanese Language

In written Japanese, a radical (bushu) is a common sub-element found in different kanji characters.  Kanji are the equivalent of letters in Arabic-based languages like English.   Japanese is written in a combination of three scripts: hiragana, katakana, and kanji. Kanji originated from Chinese characters, and the Japanese equivalents are based on ancient spoken Japanese. Hiragana and katakana developed from kanji to express Japanese syllables phonetically.   Most kanji are not used in everyday conversational Japanese, although its estimated that more than 50,000 kanji exist.  The Japanese Ministry of Education designated 2,136 characters as Joyo Kanji. They are the characters frequently used. Although it would be very helpful to learn all of Joyo Kanji, the basic 1,000 characters are sufficient to read about 90 percent  of the kanji used in a newspaper.   Radicals or Bushu and Kanji Technically speaking radicals are  graphemes, meaning theyre the graphical parts that make up each kanji character. In Japanese, these characters are derived from written Chinese kangxi radicals.  Every kanji is made of  a radical, and a radical itself can be a kanji. Radicals express the general nature of the kanji characters, and provide clues to the kanjis origin, group, meaning, or pronunciation. Many kanji dictionaries organize characters by their radicals. There are  214 radicals total, but its likely that even native Japanese speakers cant recognize and name them all. But for those new to the Japanese language, memorizing some of the important and frequently used radicals will be very helpful as you try to learn the meanings of many of the kanji.   When writing kanji, in addition to knowing the meanings of the different radicals in order to better understand the words they spell, its key to know a kanjis stroke count (the number of pen strokes used to make the kanji) and stroke order. Stroke count is also useful when using a kanji dictionary.  The most basic rule for stroke order is that kanji are written from top to bottom and from left to right. Here are some other basic rules. Radicals are roughly divided into seven groups (hen, tsukuri, kanmuri, ashi, tare, nyou, and kamae) by their positions. Common Radicals The hen are found at the left side of a kanji character. Here are common radicals that take the hen position and some sample kanji characters.   Ninben  (person)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tsuchihen  (earth)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Onnahen  (woman)  Ã‚  Gyouninben  (going man)Risshinben(heart)Tehen  (hand)  Kihen  (tree)Sanzui  (water)Hihen  (fire)Ushihen  (cow)ShimesuhenNogihen  (two branch tree)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Itohen  (thread)Gonben  (word)  Ã‚  Kanehen  (metal)  Ã‚  Kozatohen (time) The  common radicals that take thetsukuri and kanmuri  position are listed below.   Tsukuri Rittou  (sword)  Ã‚  Nobun  (folding chair)Akubi  (gap)Oogai  (page)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kanmuri Ukanmuri  (crown)Takekanmuri  (bamboo)Kusakanmuri  (grass)Amekanmuri  (rain) And here is a look at common radicals that take the  ashi, tare, nyou and kamae position.   Ashi Hitoashi  (human legs)Kokoro  (heart)  Ã‚  Rekka  (fire)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tare Shikabane  (flag)  Ã‚  Madare  (dotted cliff)Yamaidare  (sick) Nyou Shinnyou  (road)  Ã‚  Ennyou  (long stride) Kamae Kunigamae(box)  Mongamae  (gate)

The Legacy Of John Davison Rockefeller - 1656 Words

John Davison Rockefeller was one of the captains of industry during the gilded age, and is most known for his numerous philanthropies in his later years; however, most people are unaware of his exploitation of America’s free capitalistic enterprise to amass a fortune, the likes of which this country had never seen before. Rockefeller’s company, Standard Oil, helped America explode as an industrial superpower on the world stage and, in the process, allowed Rockefeller to amass a billion dollar fortune for him and his family (Derbyshire 119). His career, from beginning to end, was surrounded by heated controversy and criticism (Nevins 3); however, by the time he died in 1927, the criticism and hatred faded away and the Rockefeller name was†¦show more content†¦William Avery eventually abandoned Eliza and her children. This damaged Rockefeller, but hardened him, allowing him to become the ruthless industrialist of his later years. After graduating from his Clevela nd high school, he was eager to make something of himself. Rockefeller wanted to pursue his own business, and in 1859, with the help of his business partner Maurice Clark, that is just what happened. The â€Å"Clark and Rockefeller† food distribution business prospered, seeing over $450,000 in sales come through their company in the first year, with a $4000 profit (Nevins 7). Rockefeller was a wealthy young man ready to invest in something new, so his attention turned to the new industry of crude oil (Derbyshire 124). This was a bold move, but Rockefeller became the man he is by taking the path less traveled. Rockefeller was a smart man and knew he could not jump headfirst into oil on his own. He was not interested in the drilling of oil, he was interested in the refining and shipping of oil (Aaseng 25). Seeing an opportunity, John pressed Clark to use borrowed money to expand their empire. A fight ensued and Rockefeller ended up winning. At age 26, after eliminating Clark, R ockefeller gained the largest oil refinery in Cleveland (Derbyshire 127). With this new refinery, he looked to create a brand, a brand that would crush

Why personal responsibility is important free essay sample

For some personal responsibility is not the culprit of obtained success. â€Å"Nevertheless† personal responsibility is the key factor to achievement. Personal responsibility provides structure as well as builds character. It enables a student to be confident and secure in all things whether personal or professional. Personal Responsibility can help achieve successful aspirations. A student plans become priority and goals are met with diligence. By having this personal responsibility structure is provided, consistent short goals are placed. â€Å"Thus† making long term goals obtainable, this creates a self-sufficient student. The column Success is made by failures (Harvey Mackay Columnist) points out to the reader a fatalistic attitude prevents people from accepting responsibility for their position in life. By embracing the personal responsibility the student is more aware of their actions and often taps into her own self-motivation. A self-motivated responsible student has a higher chance of completion because they accept that it is only her that can be the hindrance to their academic growth. We will write a custom essay sample on Why personal responsibility is important? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To give an example professional basketball player Terrence Rencher abandoned school to pursue a career in professional basketball. However his sense of personal responsibility enabled him to return. According to The Chronicle of Higher Education â€Å"In 2008 Mr. Rencher, who describes himself as a finish-what-I-start type of person, graduated from Texas with a B. A. in community studies. Now an assistant mens basketball coach at the University of Tulsa, he says he never viewed his decision to turn pro as the end of his academic career. I always knew I would come back, he says. It was a personal thing for me. A student with personal responsibilities will have the correct mentality to complete their academic career. Personal responsibility creates a credible student. A student’s character is formulated, positive work habits become a must. With this prioritization assignments are completed, time is scheduled adequately. Discipline is instilled, According to Harvey Mackey Columnist â€Å"Anyone who has accomplished anything worthwhile has never done it without discipline. Discipline takes self-control, sacrifice, and avoiding distractions and temptations. It means staying focused. The quote in itself sums up a great deal of personal responsibility to me. To be a successful college student personal responsibility must become a favorite acquaintance. The student adapts to the challenge and succeeds. A student who knows this is a secure student proud of the work that is done and the ambition does not waiver. A certainty is apparent, their interests are piqued, and they come to class ready to learn. Some even taking on leadership roles in and out of the classroom. For many students without setting responsibilities they, feel a drift failure occurs more frequently. Whether it is a decreased grade or the dropping of the class and for the extremely unorganized the leaving of school all together. Supporting what was said earlier Personal responsibility plays a major role in any endeavor that a student embarks on. A responsible student knows the best way to embrace a sense of responsibility is to plan. Writing suggestions may help with seeing the destination ahead and contrasting the past. Set accurate time aside to work, study, and collaborate with fellow classmates. By doing this you ensure you stay on task the end is always clear and obtainable. Find a mentor or fellow student who has accomplished what you want to achieve this sets up a study support system. Always be aware of the workshops or program available to sharpen your skills, and never be afraid to ask for help. Asking for help can give you clarity in so many ways. According to Mauricio Ruede â€Å"Being responsible is what your career depends on- gong to class, turning in assignments on time, studying for exams in advance, and most importantly, knowing when to go out and when to stay home. Becoming a master student means setting and accomplishing goals-not to prove anything to anyone but yourself. † In conclusion although for some personal responsibility is not listed in direct correlation with success, it is and always will be the main reason for achievement. Accepting and embracing the responsibility not only builds character, confidence, and achieved aspirations the student will be apt to pursue anything with an admirable tenacity.